Showing posts with label Bath Blokes' Book Club. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Bath Blokes' Book Club. Show all posts

Sunday, 19 March 2023

The Paying Guests – Sarah Waters

March 2, Coeur de Lion

 The Paying Guests Sarah Waters. 020323

 As there was such a wide range of comments about this novel, the following is simply an (almost ) verbatim smattering of readers’ experience - and, after all, the writer having done her work it’s the reader who passes judgement.

A Marmite novel: 

•   …got so fed up with the 'Chick lit' story line….childish tosh……sounds like Enid Blyton….the characters were two-dimensional and … the book was very boring.

•   …experienced mixed feelings, ended up not liking very much… about twice as long as necessary …despite Sarah Waters’ undoubted literary talents and rigorous research into the period …  finding it in parts exploitative and unnecessarily sensationalist.

•   … long …maybe a bit too easy to read, and too simplistic……a good but not brilliant read

•   A long book…I struggled with at first….the first half oppressive, pernickety and debilitating. I had to stop reading it for a while as found it so stultifying.  But the sheer quality of the writing won me back  

•   …struck the right notes

•   …thought it was very good…. excellent descriptions

•   Enjoyable…some excellent writing, good storyline and well defined characters….probably a little over long.

•   … enjoyed this book a lot…. well-written, with well-drawn characters, both major and minor.

The period setting (1922)

•   They live in a rapidly decaying relatively large house in a well-established, comfortable middle-class road, Champion Hill, in South London.

•   Set against the social and economic aftermath of WW1 from a woman’s perspective…with themes of class and gender

•   liked the period detail and what life must have been like in the aftermath of the First World War. It also underlined how elderly people were! – Frances’s mother “ now, at fifty-five, she had the white head of an old lady” and was “simply tired and elderly”! 

•   The details are all there - the casual smoking, scalding the milk to keep it from souring, the class divide personified by the Barbers extended family.

•   … post-war South London suburbia with all its pettiness, little routines and memories was powerful and authentic but incredibly debilitating…. This rather gloomy world was not helped by descriptions of thwarted love and limited options for anyone outside the norm..

•   the contrast between the old middle class and the new so-called clerk class with a more energetic approach and a different set of values….highlights the class differences that were beginning to change after the First World War, the way in which working class suspects of crimes work given less protection and legal defence than those who are better off and the challenge of living as a gay person in a very traditional society.

•   One of the striking things was how important and ever-present ‘class’ was, and the ubiquity of people of that class having servants

•   There were a lot of details which I especially enjoyed.  The early parts, where the paying guests arrived and the impact their presence had on the house, was incredibly reminiscent of my own childhood.

•   … the references to old houses….the outside loos… and geysers, I remember them my grandmothers’ houses

•   …the settings were beautifully described in the slightly dilapidated house that mother and daughter had left from the father who had not looked after their money well,

The protagonists:

•   “She was all warm colour and curve. How well she filled her own skin! She might have been poured generously into it, like treacle.”

•   There was lots of internal thinking from Francis which enriches the book and gives a much deeper appreciation of what she was living through. Some would say maybe there was a bit too much of this.

•   …while the character of Lil was painted clearly and brightly, I found it harder to visualise Frances - all the description she shared of herself was down-beat, dowdy and put-upon by constant household chores. It was difficult to imagine what it was that drew Lil to Frances, other than the need for more interesting company than Len could provide.

•   …not sure about Frances – I increasingly came to worry about her as the central voice in the narrative.  She was an unreliable narrator. She was different and maybe difficult , as her mother said “what a fight you’ve made of everything” – she was never at ease with herself or her life.

•   No likeable men - apart from some of the dead ones. Len particularly conveniently unpleasant.

•   One thing that struck me was how young both two female protagonists were with a 26 year old already being described as a spinster. The mother who simply would not have been that old in modern terms comes across as someone with a very limited life and not in the best of health. This shows how much we have changed in terms of the life experience of people both in their 20s and in their 50s.

The love story:

•   …the love affair was delicately and rather beautifully described, and made very real to me. 

•   …some lovely descriptions of the burgeoning attraction between Frances and Lillian and the consummation in a sexual relationship.

•   The whole dancing at the party and what happened afterwards was very erotic and well done ….the long build-up to the kiss

•   The sexual tension was beautifully captured and the sex scenes were graphic but not at all gross

•   The love affair was so short lived before it was shattered. It needed to celebrated as a “glorious, a gift, to be enjoyed as long as it lasted” . But in reality, over the summer, it became “ever more tearing, ever more consuming, ever more frustrating

The Tragic Events:

•   And then it all went horribly wrong and for a while I was drawn in to reading about the appalling attempts to abort the child, the murder and the effort to cover it up. 

•   One of the most interesting things … linking this book to Russian Literature…..Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment …. where undertaking the crime is not that difficult, but where the guilt then starts to make the murderer feel more and more impelled to volunteer their own guilt

•   …my primary unease with the book, or the second half at least, was that, despite the ‘excuses’ presented in the book (self-defence, unbearable provocation, etc), Frances and Lil either committed or were inextricably involved in a murder, and they spent a substantial part of the book trying to get away with it. I felt that, back in 1922, a woman of Frances’ upbringing and background would have had a very strong moral code, which would have made it much more difficult justify her actions

•   As I reflect back on this book, I am uncertain what it was really about: was it a moral story about how a murderer gets away with murder: or a historical novel exploring the social mores of the 1920s; or is it a cautionary story of the consequences of adultery; or was it just the story of a failing love affair.  Maybe all of these…

Scores:

WM 8.5 , SC 5, JH 6.25, MW 6, MT 7, AA 7 (prov), RV 8.75, CB 8.25 , CW 4
Avge: 6.75



Sunday, 5 February 2023

Small Things Like These – Claire Keegan

JH – Comments & score 8

A short spare novel in which each word seems to count – beautifully written, succinct, concise and powerful. Much to digest and wanting to be reread to capture the detail and nuances.

It is the story of Bill Furlong and his family living in the Irish town of New Ross. It starts in late autumn when it is cold and damp - “people unhappily endured the weather”. It was mid-1980s – a time of economic pressures with many “badly off” – such as Mick Sinnott “on the road again foraging for sticks” – who was “stotious at the phone box”. The story takes us up to Christmas and the challenge of whether Bill should help a young girl, Sarah, locked in the coal house of a convent and who just wants to drown herself. There is a sub-plot around his search for his father which comes to a head when he realises, he may well have been hiding in plain sight: Ned the farmhand, now ill in hospital.

Bill Furlong is a coal & timber merchant who has a head for business, “was known for getting along” – he had “developed good protestant habits”. He is married to Eileen with five daughters. Though Bill is successful, he doesn’t “feel himself to be getting anywhere or making any kind of headway”. He delivers coal to the local convent, which he sees as “a powerful looking place”, which among other things runs a laundry and a training school for girls “of low character” – a place about which people said lots of thing a good half of which could not be believed”.

Many convents across Ireland ran such Magdalene laundries, and their infamous reputation and the role of nuns who ran them is seared into the Irish psyche. Why did such women cause so much suffering to other women in the name of charity is unfathomable. Though it is worth remembering that these Magdalene houses were not just an Irish issue. Originally a mediaeval creation Magdalene Asylums were houses of refuge or reformatories for ‘fallen women’. They had existed for centuries as refuges for women but in mid-eighteenth century the British Isles witnessed a new wave of them. The first one opened in London in 1758 as the London Magdalene Hospital. One was established in Bath in 1805 which could house nearly 80 women. Historians estimate that by the late 1800s there were more than 300 Magdalen Institutions in England alone. They were also established across the US, Canada, Sweden and Australia.

Bill is delivering coal to the convent a few days before Christmas when he finds a girl, Sarah, locked in the coal shed who pleads with him to take him to the river so she could drown herself. He could/should have ignored her “the ordinary part of him simply wanted to be rid of this and get home”, but he took her to the front door of convent and had to deal with the Mother Superior “you’ll come in – I’ll not hear it otherwise”. When he returns home that evening his wife, who is tough and realistic, tells him it was “nothing to do with them”. She tells him not to alienate the nuns when they always paid what was owing – “if you want to get on in life, there’s things you have to ignore so you can keep on”. New Ross is a small town and news travels fast. Mrs Kehoe, who runs the cafĂ© where Bill and his workers have lunch, warns him to watch what he says about the nuns as best to “keep the enemy close, the bad dog with you and the good dog will not bite”.

Despite all this on Christmas Eve Bill goes back to the Convent and finds Sarah locked again in the coal shed. She walks home with Sarah back across town. Bill knows he will face much hassle and criticism, but he keeps walking on. The book concludes with an incredibly evocative commentary on Bill and his own emotions. He understands the enormity of what he was doing but asks himself “was there any point in being alive without helping one another”, and how he needs to be “brave enough to go against what was there”. He believes he is doing the right thing but also understands that there will be hell to pay for this small act of kindness, and that “the worst was yet to come… he could feel a world of trouble waiting for him behind the next door, but the worst that could have happened was also behind him: the thing not done, which could have been – which he would have had to live with for the rest of his life. Whatever suffering he was now to meet was a long way from what the girl at his side had already endured”….. “his fear outweighed every other feeling but in his foolish heart he hoped and believed that they would manage”.

WM – Comments & score 10

This deserves to be in the category of ‘a great book’. It fulfils the criteria of being beautifully descriptive of both the physical setting and social milieu, in as few words as necessary. The author has created a great sense of place, and well describes Bill’s dilemmas, uncertainties and fantasies. WM saw this as a brave book; it raises large issues of morality and humanity. It also challenges the reader with questions as to what would be their own behaviour in such circumstances. He couldn’t fault it and so on reflection upped his score to a well-deserved 10.

MT – Comments & score 7.8

I really liked this short book. He found it easy to read, well written, and in fact I read it twice. The second time around and picked up many things I had missed, and very much looking at the Ned connection, now knew he was the possible father.

I really liked Bill, and his longing to find his father, and his desire to give something back because of his mother’s good fortune with the Wilsons. His good thoughts and deeds contrast very well with the awfulness of the corruption and hypocritical nature of the church. The poverty and cruelty of the time and church was so well set out, as was the plight and place of women in their society. It was awful that they were totally to blame for pregnancy, never the men.

Bill’s family life and his daughters was well portrayed, as was the totally different outlook of Bill from his wife Eileen and maybe falling apart of his marriage. She was quite nasty in the end, and her using his mother’s hardside as a stone was hard and well described, as were her nasty racist comments and Bill’s involvement with the docks and foreigners.

The book is very reflective of the church and Bill’s Christian status, particularly the bit about the sermon on the stations of the cross, and him seeing all the awful things at the convent. Bill sees his Christian faith as in a mirror and how he must help the stray girls, Sarah in particular. The book ends of course with him taking the girl home, and what may happen. But he is hopeful - aware of Eileen’s comments about possibly inviting a boy for Christmas lunch, and she said, no problem it will just be another body on the table.

The author well captures Bill’s reflections about the drudgery of work and life. It made it sound so awful, work in the dark, back in the dark, quick supper, bed and repeat. I was grateful that my work was not like that, even when at times it felt to be on repeat all the time. I was very struck about the bit about sliding doors and how Bill could have another life, for example, when he meets the beautiful long haired woman one morning. What might have been… we all have been there.

AA - Comments & score 8.5

This is a novella – it is only the author’s fourth book in twenty years. I felt it had a terrific start – the setting of the place and its people in the opening paragraph. The writes with lyrical evocative prose. Story moves along seamlessly, beautifully crafted “he let out a breath he hadn’t realised he’d been holding”.

I liked the trees, the river, the crows and the doorways that Furlong was always passing through “Furlong stepped back – as though the step could take him back into the time before this”. He also liked the choice of Furlong, as the main protagonist – a man, a father of daughters, whose own mother had been spared the laundry by Mrs Wilson, but who had died young apparently after a fall in the yard, and who had fallen pregnant apparently to Ned, the farmhand of the woman who took in her and her baby – Bill Furlong.

The story is set against a backdrop of poverty and unemployment in 1985: “early one morning, Furlong had seen a young schoolboy drinking the milk out of the cat’s bowl behind the priest’s house”. It highlights the role of the Magdalen laundries were a crime against women who were already victims – of the system, of the Church, of men, of other women, and directly responsible for the deaths of tens of thousands of children. Tens of thousands of women and girls were incarcerated - until 1996. How the systems of power and organisation are accepted and taken for granted such as the Church, and not questioned. How people’s lives were easier if they just kept their heads down and got on quietly – as in most societies, oppressive or not: For example even Eileen, Furlong’s wife was loath to let her sympathies lie with the girls who got pregnant.

But perhaps it’s mostly the story of Furlong and his quest to show to someone the kindness Mrs Wilson had shown to him – which led him to realise that he mattered as much as any other child. Keegan goes further stating in a later interview that Bill may be having a mid-life crisis and having been loved in his youth wants to offer the same type of love to someone else. She has also said that Furlong is ‘a Christian who cannot practise his Christianity in Ireland’ – “He thought of Mrs Wilson, of her daily kindnesses, of how she had corrected and encouraged him, of the small things she had said and done and had refused to do and say and what she must have known, the things which, when added up, amounted to a life”.

This is a powerful short, but not small, book about power and institutions, kindness and courage, complicity and silence.

CW – Comments & score 8.75

I really enjoyed this book so much so that I finished it in one sitting. I loved the prose and easy style of the narration. Everything was very simply described and yet I felt completely absorbed by the atmosphere of this sleepy town just before Christmas and the day-to-day life of the local coal merchant and his family who are managing to prosper when others in the town are feeling the pinch.

Although the storyline about unwed pregnant mothers and their treatment in Irish convents is one which is well known about the fact that this was still going on in 1985 is all the more shocking. I liked the simplicity of the book and the main character who is presented with a decision which many others in his town have decided to turn a blind eye to. One wonders why it took so long for this abuse to be fully exposed and how much is still going on in one form or other not only in the Catholic Church but every other religious setting.

The book carried a simple message about whether one can go through life doing that which one considers is right and helping others generally or whether there is that extra commitment that one can make which will take you outside your comfort zone and potentially put you at risk. As they carried on along and met more people Furlong did and did not know, he found himself asking was there any point in being alive without helping one another? Was it possible to carry on along through all the years, for decades, through an entire life without once been brave enough to go against what was there and yet call yourself a Christian, and face yourself in the mirror?

A really good book

MW – Comments & score 8.00

A short but quite brilliant little story with a devastating subject matter that Ireland would prefer to look away from. It is easy for us in Great Britain to show wide eyed astonishment and disapproval of the Magdalen laundries and the Mother and Baby homes which seem like something out of the Middle Ages, but, incredibly, existed into the 1990s. However we all have our own skeletons in the closet and I am not sure that we can afford to be too complacent. He who casts the first stone…

For me, the complicity of both church and state is the most damming thing, and the way in which the power wielded by these two institutions was enough to make people look the other way. The fictional Christmas story that the author weaves around one such institution is written with such understated skill and subtlety, leaving much to the imagination and is all the more powerful for this. The ‘advice’ given to Bill to not rock the boat, and the general community peer pressure rings horribly true. Hard to see Bill’s life being particularly easy after freeing Sarah. Part 2 of the story would be very interesting indeed! In the end, it’s more of a symbolic gesture, the reality is more disconcerting but don’t get me started on that one.

RV – Comments & score 8.75

There was a lot to like: I very much liked the main character, Furlong; and the lovely, light but lyrical prose: “It was a December of crows. People had never seen the likes of them, gathering in black batches on the outskirts of town then coming in, walking the streets, cocking their heads and perching, impudently, on whatever lookout post that took their fancy, scavenging for what was dead, or diving in mischief for anything that looked edible along the roads before roosting at night in the huge old trees around the convent.”

I had a sense of foreboding throughout a lot of the book, in part because so much in the book and the characters was so lovely: I started to become quite tense, hoping that it all would continue, but tense, waiting for some disaster to befall them. Most books don’t simply tell you about real families, going about their daily lives, relating to each other – they set that up so that a disaster can occur! So I was half expecting one of the children to have a terrible accident – some external event that would de-rail their lives. I did not actually expect that the event would be something that HE did.

I felt that there were a number of important themes. One was people’s need to know where they came from – something most of us don’t feel very strongly because we KNOW the answer and hence take that for granted. But many people, either adopted or with no knowledge about one of their parents, have this keen desire, almost need, to know their roots, where they came from:

“Before going back into the house, he’d washed his face at the horse-trough, breaking the ice on the surface, pushing his hands down deep in the cold and keeping them there, to divert his pain, until he could no longer feel it. Where was his father now? Sometimes, he caught himself looking at older men, trying to find a physical resemblance, or listening out for some clue in the things people said.”

In my work as an expert witness for the family courts, I was often in the position of discussing adoption for children whose parents’ problems were such that it was not in the children’s best interests to live with those parents. But I was also keenly aware of this ‘need to know‘ about one’s roots, so I usually fought for an ‘open adoption’ where there would still be contact with these kids families; and usually the courts and the social services did not understand this, and they fought for closed adoptions, fearing it would cause more conflict and confusion for the children.

Another and certainly one of the most important themes was “What was it all for”? The fundamental question of life, I suppose, and one that is of central importance for Furlong, our protagonist. Related to that is the question that (I am sure) many of us have reflected on – what would we do in such difficult circumstance. We know that it is right to speak out; but what if the consequences of that are ruinous in some way.

Do you intervene in the attack that is happening before your eyes in the street, and risk being killed or at least badly hurt? Or do you stand back and let someone else be killed or maimed?

Do you intervene with these so-called nuns, and risk you own family and your entire livelihood, or not?

As he says: “He stood back then and faced her. ‘Surely they’ve only as much power as we give them, Mrs Kehoe?’ ‘I wouldn’t be too sure.’ She paused then and looked at him the way hugely practical women sometimes looked at men, as though they weren’t men at all but foolish boys. More than once, maybe more than several times, Eileen had done the same. ‘Don’t mind me,’ she said, ‘but you’ve worked hard, the same as myself, to get to where you are now. You’ve reared a fine family of girls – and you know there’s nothing only a wall separating that place from St Margaret’s.’ Furlong took no offence, softened. ‘I do know, Mrs Kehoe.’ ‘Can’t I count on one hand the number of girls from around here that ever got on well who didn’t walk those halls,’ she said, splaying her palm. ‘I’m sure that’s fact.’ ‘They belong to different orders,’ she went on, ‘but believe you me, they’re all the one . You can’t side against one without damaging your chances with the other.’”

This is the key moral point in the book, and is reflected in so many of the decisions we take, even in our protected society – it was a key issue in WW2 across Europe – stand up and be killed, or acquiesce, and let evil happen. The well-known adage: “The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing” or, as John Stuart Mill stated in 1867, “Let not any one pacify his conscience by the delusion that he can do no harm if he takes no part, and forms no opinion. Bad men need nothing more to compass their ends, than that good men should look on and do nothing. He is not a good man who, without a protest, allows wrong to be committed in his name, and with the means which he helps to supply, because he will not trouble himself to use his mind on the subject.”

The ending (and THAT it ended so quickly) was surprising (the book could have gone on for a lot longer, and she could have written much more about the consequences of his decisions) but it was also a great way to finish – he knew that his decisions would have as yet unforeseen but certainly very bad consequences, but as he says “the worst that could have happened was also already behind him; the thing not done, which could have been – which he would have had to live with for the rest of his life”. 

SC – Comments & score 9.5

A short yet very powerful book. to begin with, deceptively inconsequential - the proverbial iron fist in a velvet glove. For several reasons this resonated strongly with me. But first, I loved the stripped-down elegance of the prose - what an opening paragraph! ‘In October there were yellow trees. Then the clocks went back the hour and the long November winds came in and blew, and stripped the trees bare. In the town of New Ross, chimneys threw out smoke which fell away and drifted off in hairy, drawn-out strings before dispersing along the quays, and soon the River Barrow, dark as stout, swelled up with rain.’

About 45 years ago (maybe a few years before the events of the book), I was hitch hiking back from the west coast of Ireland with a girlfriend, heading for Rosslare and the ferry home. Unlike me, my girlfriend was a seasoned hitcher, but, as she frequently reminded me, it’s much harder with two and what I should really be doing is hiding behind a tree while she batted her eyelids at the passing traffic. For whatever reason, it was taking us days to get along the south coast and on night two we ended up camping in a sloping field just outside New Ross. As dusk fell we walked into the town in search of food and a couple of pints. The early September evening had an autumnal chill. Peat smoke drifted across the hazy streets exactly like Keegan’s ‘hairy drawn-out strings’ and the street lighting was dim and sporadic. Cutting back from the main street at the quayside, I was startled to find that not only did the street lighting give out almost as soon as you left the main drag, but the side roads weren’t surfaced. Just gravel, rutted and puddled. Visiting Ireland in those days often carried a sense of travelling back maybe thirty or forty years, but this was like stepping back a century.

So it felt particularly appropriate to me that this story covering a small but hugely significant stage in Ireland’s journey to greater self-awareness should be set here. New Ross always felt like a place out of time. I didn’t know anything about the convent, although it was certainly there. The Albatros fertiliser factory mentioned in the book was a huge and slightly scary presence for decades after it closed: demolition was problematic because of the extensive asbestos sheet cladding.

I think Keegan set the book up very skilfully. Furlong is a likeable, hard-working man with some intelligence but little self-confidence, despite running a moderately successful small business. A coal-merchant probably wouldn’t be the first candidate for expressing self-doubt and questioning what he sees around him - so Keegan makes him an orphan, with a background that only becomes clearer as we go through the book.

So many little touches that resonate: ‘The chipper’ - the chip shop, ubiquitous terminology throughout Ireland. ‘Joan, who had gone on ahead, was handing out carol sheets with other members of the choir, while the nuns walked around, supervising and talking to some of the more well-off parents.’ - Nuns directing their efforts where it was least needed but counted most to them.

Furlong’s self-doubt was thoroughly believable (despite reminding me rather distractingly of Raymond Briggs’ ‘Fungus the Bogeyman’, who had a similarly tedious, dirty job that he hated and constantly questioned his motives): ‘I’m not sure what I mean, Eileen.’ Furlong sighed. ‘I’m just a bit weary tonight, is all. Pay no heed.’ What was it all for? Furlong wondered. The work and the constant worry. Getting up in the dark and going to the yard, making the deliveries, one after another, the whole day long, then coming home in the dark and trying to wash the black off himself and sitting into a dinner at the table and falling asleep before waking in the dark to meet a version of the same thing, yet again. Might things never change or develop into something else, or new?’

And then the story develops around the children kept by the nuns - the kids’ people never see, who don’t get to come to the carol service and who it turns out don’t even have shoes on their feet. But despite his shock and sense of wrong, he finds himself playing the nuns’ game, falling into the accepted social patterns of the community and of the times, stopping for his breakfast, allowing himself to be pandered to as the nuns realise he has perhaps seen too much - and he was angry with himself that he did nothing about it at the time: ‘What most tormented him was not so much how she’d been left in the coal shed or the stance of the Mother Superior; the worst was how the girl had been handled while he was present and how he’d allowed that and had not asked about her baby – the one thing she had asked him to do – and how he had taken the money and left her there at the table with nothing before her and the breast milk leaking under the little cardigan and staining her blouse, and how he’d gone on, like a hypocrite, to Mass.’

Furlong achieves a kind of rebirth - perhaps indeed a mid-life crisis -,when he walks home with Sarah, and as he goes he knows he’ll get all the flak he’d expect from Eileen: ‘The fact was that he would pay for it but never once in his whole and unremarkable life had he known a happiness akin to this, not even when his infant girls were first placed in his arms and he had heard their healthy, obstinate cries.’

While in 2023 the RC church still dominates much of rural Ireland, among the younger generations at least there is far less blind faith. And to be fair, for many souls they still play a very important part in country life. Without the church, there would be a lot of lonely people. But the way individuals (mostly nuns) are still fighting the nuns’ corner, arguing ‘what else were they supposed to do’ shows how far they still have to go. Passing New Ross as I do several times a year, I still recall my hitchhiking stopover - a small town of dark and smoky back streets and muddy roadways. It seems entirely fitting to learn, even belatedly, that it concealed more sinister stories and one wonders how many other of the huge seminary buildings that one passes as you drive through Ireland had equally appalling histories. The last 'Magdalen Laundry' closed in 1996. 

For me, a quite brilliant short book.

CB – Comments & score 8.00

This is a charming novella, despite its dark story line. It is winter in the 1985, when “the people, for the most part, unhappily endured the weather”. Bill Furlong is doing a roaring trade in coal and timber, the coal imported by the Polish and Russian boatmen, “a novelty going about town in their fur caps and long, buttoned coats, with hardly a word of English.”

He is the lucky one as his mother, falling pregnant is looked after by her protestant employer who also takes the young Furlong under her wing. Unlike, the girls, separated from their babies and made to work in the convent laundry up the hill. “Now, [an orphan since 12] he lived in the town with his wife, Eileen, and their five daughters. He’d met Eileen while she was working in the office of Graves & Co. and had courted her in the usual ways, taking her to the cinema and for long walks along the towpath in the evenings. He was attracted to her shiny black hair and slate eyes, her practical, agile mind.”

Writing: This is a delight to read as it flows so easily with its descriptions of the town, the weather, the people, the leading characters and Bill’s thoughts. Always satisfying when ordinary lives are described so (apparently) effortlessly to be interesting “..chimneys threw out smoke which fell away and drifted off in hairy, drawn-out strings before dispersing along the quays, and soon the River Barrow, dark as stout, swelled up with rain”.

Characters: Like Eileen, Bill too has an agile mind which makes him a thinker and questioner as well as a doer. And he is a sensitive soul: “But it cut him, all the same, to see one of his own so upset by the sight of what other children craved and he could not help but wonder if she’d be brave enough or able for what the world had in store.” And this all led to some tensions: “But some part of his mind was often tense; he could not say why.” But he keeps on keeping on: “The times were raw but Furlong felt all the more determined to carry on, to keep his head down and stay on the right side of people, and to keep providing for his girls”

And concludes that living in the now with occasional poignant memories is better than worrying too much about the future: “Before long, he caught a hold of himself and concluded that nothing ever did happen again; to each was given days and chances which wouldn’t come back around. And wasn’t it sweet to be where you were and let it remind you of the past for once, despite the upset, instead of always looking on into the mechanics of the days and the trouble ahead, which might never come.” Yet he comes back to reflection: “Always it was the same, Furlong thought; always they carried mechanically on without pause, to the next job at hand. What would life be like, he wondered, if they were given time to think and reflect over things? Might their lives be different or much the same – or would they just lose the run of themselves?”

The other characters, Eileen, his daughters, his mother, Mrs Wilson, Ned are rather lightly drawn. The book is definitely about Bill and his response to the world around him and the plight of the girls at the convent.

Social setting: The setting of a struggling economy is well drawn (e.g. the boy drinking the cat’s milk behind the convent), albeit without comment except to keep on going. Eileen also expresses the view of many about how to respond to the goings on at the convent: “‘Where does thinking get us?’ she said. ‘All thinking does is bring you down.’ She was touching the little pearly buttons on her nightdress, agitated. ‘If you want to get on in life, there’s things you have to ignore, so you can keep on.’” It is Bill’s conscience rather than a political awareness that drives him to act: “As they carried on along and met more people Furlong did and did not know, he found himself asking was there any point in being alive without helping one another? Was it possible to carry on along through all the years, the decades, through an entire life, without once being brave enough to go against what was there and yet call yourself a Christian, and face yourself in the mirror?”

Not sure why Keegan chose a man as the leading character in a novel about women’s suffering? Will his “small thing” be the thing that opens up the cruel treatment and murder of women and babies by the church?

Lovely conclusion to the novel which sums up the message and meaning of the novel: “The worst was yet to come, he knew. Already he could feel a world of trouble waiting for him behind the next door, but the worst that could have happened was also already behind him; the thing not done, which could have been – which he would have had to live with for the rest of his life. Whatever suffering he was now to meet was a long way from what the girl at his side had already endured and might yet surpass. Climbing the street towards his own front door with the barefooted girl and the box of shoes, his fear more than outweighed every other feeling but in his foolish heart he not only hoped but legitimately believed that they would manage.”

Sunday, 4 September 2022

The Road to Wigan Pier – George Orwell

September 1 2022, Coeur de Lion.

A lot was said this evening, even though only five made it to the table on the night – others provided notes. This summary will inevitably miss out some good stuff – apologies in advance!

SC, whose choice this was, explained that he thought he’d read this book a long time ago, but recently revisited Orwell’s ‘Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters: Volume 1’ (which he first read in his 20s) and remembered that it includes the original Wigan Pier diaries. So in fact he’d never read the book itself, but the diaries instead. The diaries are interesting as Orwell’s thoughts aren’t filtered for publication, (though they also prove how little he had changed when the book was first published in 1936) but the following comments relate only to the book.

Everyone commented upon Orwell’s shocking descriptions of poverty and deprivation in England in the 1930s. It’s extraordinary to reflect on how much our day-to-day lives have changed in the 90-odd years since, in many ways because of the demise of manufacturing in this country. And yet, how divided the nation still is as the haves continue to out-earn the have-nots (CB).

One quote from SC gives us a clear view of Orwell’s standpoint: “You cannot disregard them if you accept the civilisation that produced them. For this is part at least of what industrialism has done for us. Columbus sailed the Atlantic, the first steam engines tottered into motion, the British squares stood firm under the French guns at Waterloo, the one-eyed scoundrels of the nineteenth century praised God and filled their pockets; and this is where it all led – to labyrinthine slums and dark back kitchens with sickly, ageing people creeping round and round them like black beetles.”

The book is presented in two halves: firstly as a diary of visits to various deprived areas in the north Midlands and the North, which he made as an assignment for his publishers (and as RV mentions, the story of how Victor Gollancz felt he had to write a rather apologetic foreword to the first edition – in Orwell’s absence – is an example in itself of how twisted up the British could become about class and the ‘right way of doing things’, whatever the motive and subject matter). The second section is a heartfelt, if at times rambling and less coherent hymn to socialism, explaining to his readers why that is the only way forward to equality and fairness for all.

All clubbers felt that the first half was the more accessible, in many ways more powerful part. Arguably little more needed to be said beyond his eloquently grim descriptions of deprivation and hardship. JH felt that Orwell gets bogged down in his own arguments in the second half but writes with an easy, highly personal style, describing the staggering stench of the rooms he stayed in: “You did not notice it when you got up, but if you went out of the room and came back, the smell hit you in the face with a smack.” He used his eloquence to criticise: “first condemn a family to live on thirty shillings a week, and then have the impertinence to tell them how they are to spend their money”. AA compared it to Priestley’s ‘English Journey’, which preceded Wigan Pier by a few years (also commissioned by Gollancz) – with Priestley being perhaps slightly less stiff and didactic, more of an observer.

WM pointed out how Orwell begins his eulogy for socialism at a human and impactful level, bemoaning humankind’s preference for ‘some slick machine-made article’ and our constant race to improve and replace what we already have – very fitting for today. However GO then gets too personal about forgotten figures of the time and repeats himself.

CW appreciated that Orwell was pioneering a form of journalism that still influences much of our news today: on the ground ‘real-life experience’. Much of it is unforgettable – Orwell’s gift for understatement amplifies the effect. CW said the book’s importance couldn’t be understated: MPs of the day read it on publication and it was a huge influence on the development of the Welfare State. Imagine a single book having that effect today…

RV appreciated the detail of the mundanity of lives and homes: the detailed of budgets gave us a clear way to connect and compare with our own lifestyles today. But he also pointed out that Orwe’ll was describing ‘relative poverty’, and how some things really haven’t changed: “And that is the central fact about housing in the industrial areas: not that the houses are poky and ugly, and insanitary and comfortless, or that they are distributed in incredibly filthy slums round belching foundries and stinking canals and slag heaps that deluge them with sulphurous smoke—though all this is perfectly true —but simply that there are not enough houses to go round.”

This book isn’t just about poverty and deprivation though – it’s also about how society changed as a result of WW1 (and how, as Orwell says, if another war didn’t come along, many of the unemployed would probably never find a job again). He showed he can be a compelling and compassionate writer if he needs to be: “Where are the monstrous men with chests like barrels and moustaches like the wings of eagles who strode across my childhood’s gaze twenty or thirty years ago?” (RV’s quote)

There are so many connections with our lives today; AA pointed out that William Morris was using ‘Levelling Up’ long before our current shower of politicians (though Orwell didn’t necessarily approve of the phrase). AA also made some detailed specific points relating to health issues:

  • How the shockingly cavalier attitude to miners’ health and welfare is mirrored by many aspects of the way our health system is being strangulated today, making it increasingly difficult to access care unless you pay for it.
  • How poverty is inextricably linked to the low-wage economy (and still is)
  • How poor housing conditions continue to affect health, creating a potential humanitarian crisis in the very near future.
MW enjoyed the flashes of dry humour that shone through Orwell’s writing at times (not always intentionally), noting his constant struggle to avoid sounding condescending or patronising. He didn’t always get it right – certainly not to our 21st Century ears: “and father, who has been out of work since 1929, is temporarily happy because he has a sure tip for the Cesarewitch.” Like others, MW found the discussion of class very pertinent, as Orwell talks about the manners and traditions learned in childhood ‘persisting from birth to death’. The English way of characterising the social class of a person by how they speak persists to this day.

Orwell’s observations on class as shaped by British colonialism were also interesting as they offered an insight into his own upbringing – not just the awfully constricted ‘lower-upper-middle class’ that his parents uncomfortably inhabited along with many others, but also his dreadful and formative experiences in the Burma police, and how that affected him on his return.

As well as being struck by the discussion of class, CB also commented on the polarised nature of Orwell’s examination of Socialism vs Fascism – very much all or nothing in each respect, with no recognition that there might be a ‘middle way’. Orwell was off to fight in the Spanish Civil War on completing this book so perhaps he wasn’t in the best frame of mind for an even-handed discussion of those options.

MT loved the first part – the vivid descriptions of how awful things were, and yet noting that some people didn’t know they were poor until told they were, because they never knew any different. Couldn’t happen today! But while some of the descriptions in the second half were engaging and to a certain extent entertaining (the threat to socialism from its loudest supporters, the fruit drinkers, nudists, sandal wearers, sex maniacs, Quakers…), it lost its momentum to a modern reader.

So in summary, everyone agreed it was an interesting book; despite the naivety of his views in some respects (hindsight is a wonderful thing), there was also a strong sense of the book’s historical significance. Most agreed Orwell’s writing was powerful – he could turn the charm or the anger on very effectively. In the introduction to one edition, by Richard Hoggart, “he [Orwell] was a good hater”. You wouldn’t have wanted to be on the wrong side of him in an argument.

For a number of us it was a revisit to a book read many years ago, and in that context it underlined for us what had changed, not only since publication but since first reading – and what has yet to improve.

Scores: JH 7.5; MT 6.5; RV 8.75; SC 7.75; WM 7.5; CB 7.0; CW 7.75; AA 8.5; MW 6.5

Average 7.5

Friday, 15 April 2022

A Thousand Moons – Sebastian Barry

 

MW introduced the book by saying that it was published in 2020 and was written as a sequel to ‘Days Without End’ which itself was published in 2016 and was read and generally enjoyed by the BBBC in May 2017. More recently the BBBC also read Barry’s ‘The Secret Scripture’.

 

‘Days Without End’ was narrated by Thomas McNulty whereas ‘A Thousand Moons’ was narrated by Winona, one of the other key characters in the first novel. The novel is set in the aftermath of the American Civil War and follows Winona as she settles into life on Lige Magan’s farm in a small town called Paris, Tennessee: ‘…a town of many eyes watching you anyhow, an uneasy place’.

 

JH, on a second reading enjoyed the book much more than the first reading.  He understood the story much more as Winona’s story (rather than just a follow-up of John and Thomas’ story). He relished Barry’s rather quirky lyrical narrative style and his great use of language.  There were some wonderfully drawn characters such a lawyer Briscoe, Peg in her yellow dress, Rosalee’s strength and care, as well as the cast of menfolk on the farm – Tennyson Bougueeau, Lige Magan, and the older Thomas McNulty and John Cole. He found it a troubling novel which made one reflect on the consequences of any war, and one in which Barry well captures the poverty and inherent violence, as well as the grim, often contradictory humanity, of the post-bellum South.

 

He found the narrative to be evocative and compelling – not hard work and he kept wanting to read more. He found that it worked on many different levels , for example capturing the love and friendship of those on the farm, but also painting a bleak picture of the prejudices and casual brutality endemic in South ten years after the Civil War ended – which he suspected to be common to any post-civil war community.  He observed that Barry also draws on the terrible treatment of, and attitude to, Native Americans.

 

Overall, a wonderfully written book, but on reflection one that possibly tried to incorporate too many complex and demanding themes – racism, rape, revenge, attitudes to violence, slavery, role of the law, post-war communities and institutions, homosexuality, love and friendship, etc, etc.  But it is also a story that concludes with a really powerful voice of optimism “that the world was strange and lost was not an argument…that I had souls that loved me and hearts that watched over me was a truth self-evident to hold.”

 

AA described the book as a tale of bigotry and hatred and othering and narrowness and poverty and white male power and lawlessness . He described Barry as a great storyteller with lyrical prose and characters he cared about, with Winona as first-person narrator. There was a lovely start with Winona reflecting on her life so far - could have been an info dump but her voice was strong and authentic-feeling so carried it off like the introductory voiceover to a film. She told how all her family were killed by white men whose genocidal slogan was 'kill them all' and how she ended up in the care of a gay couple who had taken part in the massacre of her family, and who are looked after by their former slave Rosalee.

 

I had the wound of being a lost child. Thing was it was they that healed me, Thomas McNulty and John Cole. They had done their damnedest I guess. So they both gave me the wound and healed it, which is a hard fact in its way. 

 

 Then there was the terrible rape, and the battery of Tennyson, introducing the growing themes of racism and the civil war and then the burning down of the lawyer’s house. There were beautiful descriptions and phrasing which felt authentic to Winona’s voice. He enjoyed the ending with the Lakota dream after Winona was shot which might have been her death and the end of the book but was followed by her return to her new family of guardian angels while her old family of guardian angels watch over her from their spirit place. It was a happy ending but with a warning that the world remains full of uncertainty and danger -  

 

That the world was strange and lost was not in argument. That there was no place to stand on the earth that was not perilous was just the news of every moment. That I had souls that loved me and hearts that watched over me was a truth self-evident to hold. 

 

 

CB really liked the book. He found it incredibly lyrical, almost a poem and maybe speaking in Winona’s voice and persona allowed Barry to do this more fully than otherwise. He was moved by the descriptions of love and hate and of the beauty of the natural world as well as Winona’s description of the traumatic effect of her rape.  He liked the slowly building whodunnit sense of the book alongside the strongly evoked sense of trauma, shame and difficulty of expressing what happened to Winona that he felt many people feel. It was good to be reacquainted with Thomas McNulty and John Cole and the cast of characters evoked the period very well with down to earth people making the best of a hard life. Whilst the same sex couple and Winona’s subsequent love affair did not raise many eyebrows, there was a brooding menace from the apparent regression to a time of racist violence in the defeated confederate state. He did feel the book ended a bit suddenly as if he ran out of steam and just wanted the story resolved. But this was a small niggle. Overall, a message for our times!

 

CW suggested that enjoyment of this book depends what you are reading this book for and whether you are interested in a rather “lightweight“ easy read of post-Civil War America which is a medium for telling you about the racism and bigotry that existed at the time (but curiously not homophobia apparently). At first he really enjoyed the book and enjoyed the style of the narration by Winona and although he hadn’t read Days without End he found the characters were built up well as well as the historical background. However there was a point halfway through where he did stop and just think why was he bothering to read this book? it is really very simple and formulaic with a number of implausible events (the bear turning up and most incredible - the ending) and were there not more rewarding things to read?? But most implausible of all was the issue of sexuality which seem to be quite accepted although really they belonged to the latter half of the 21st-century rather than 1865 or thereabouts. In the end the completely unbelievable final jail scene left him very disappointed.

 

RV enjoyed the book a lot. He found the writing to be particularly good and the poetry came over. Interesting that Barry’s America of the 1870s is inhabited by gay people and no one seems to bat an eye. There were a number of loving relationships, in particular Thomas and John; Winona knows she is loved by her adapted parents. He particularly enjoyed the lyricism and the love of the parents and the different voices.

There were not too many missteps in the book although some of the grammar was a bit odd. Winona’s voice was very distinctive but he didn’t really understand Jas. Overall the book was enjoyable and he read it very quickly.


MT didn’t find it an easy read. He found the book irritating and couldn’t really get into the writing style. Although it got better towards the end he still felt it annoyed him. It was interesting to read about the Civil War and the terrible racism that existed in this period, particularly the awfulness of the white male power and the complete lawlessness. He felt that the meeting between Winona and Peg could have been explored better . The ending didn’t convince, in particular why Wynkle would rescue Winona. Overall not really Mark’s fare.

 

SC had read the book before and found that he appreciated it more reading it for the second time. He quite liked it the first time but really enjoyed it the second. He liked the approach of having ordinary people as narrators in earth shattering situations. Although the book was readable, this was not an easy book to read because of the content. He was prepared to believe that the style created represented a blend of influences. It was interesting how the author searched for how to express some of the events that happened to her. The voice was simple, blunt and unambiguous. Most of the women came across as oppressed. The prose was brilliant and overall not a great book but a very good one. He really enjoyed it.

 

For MW, enjoyment of the book depended one one’s ability/willingness to get into the head of Winona, and to be convinced of the logic of her actions. Barry, as a middle aged white Irishman, attempting to write from the point of view of a young Native American girl must have been a real challenge. The interesting thing is that no-one can really say he is wrong.

 

As a plot the book is a bit thin but he was pleased by the ending because he felt he had invested a lot in getting to know Winona and didn’t really want her to come to a premature end. The saviour was however a bit unlikely, and this was probably a weakness.

 

Apart from Winona, the portrayal of the other characters was probably a bit thin but it certainly helped having read the previous book, where Thomas, John Cole and Lige were already well developed.

 

For Mark, the success of this book comes from the startling portrayal of the brutality of the post Civil War period, which he manages again, probably even better than the first book. Considering its such a short book, it is remarkable how he manages to paint such a vivid picture with such few words.

 

Overall, this book was enjoyed by most, although one or two did express some clear reservations. Scores as follows:

 

RV 7.5

WM 8.5

MT 5.0

SC 8.5

CW 6.5

MW 8.5

JH 7.5

AA 8.0

CB 8.0

Thursday, 17 March 2022

The Man Who Died – Antti Tuomainen

 

March 2022 book club meeting (3-3-22).

 

Venue: MT’s home. All present except RV. Everyone had read the book.

 

It was an enjoyable evening, with lively discussions about the book, the next book, and the political situation around the geographical location of the book. Members started arriving at 8 pm, and the meeting finished at 11 pm. The gathering was in an upstairs sitting room; even though it was a large room, there did not seem to be much room with all the members present. The book discussion started with the arrival of a plate of hot baked mushrooms, to set the scene.

 

It was MT’s book and his book was one of four offered to the group 2 months ago. It was a book recommended from the magazine “in the week”. Additionally, MT really liked Scani Noir and this book was set in a country not normally used by this genre (Finland) and most of the reviews were very good and enticing. One of the reasons this book was finally chosen out of the four, was that it was the shortest, and all of the group wanted a shorter novel than the previous book, the excellent Crossroads.

 

This was an intriguing and quirky story about Jaakko Kaunismaa, a 37 year old Finnish man, who was the entrepreneur and chief executive behind a successful mushroom business. He finds at the start of the novel that he has been poisoned, and his doctor tell him he has only a short time to live, days or weeks. He thinks his wife is the one poisoning him, after he finds her fornicating with one of the junior employees of his company, the pick-up truck driver. The story speeds along, and then a doggy competitor arrives on the scene, together with his strong hench-men, trying to steal his business, and his staff.  Jaakko gets involved with a double death, and almost gets killed himself in the process. He is determined to find out who actually was actually poisoning him, and what his wife was up to. So a thriller and a who done it novel.

 

All book club members present had some positive things to say about the book, and found it an enjoyable easy, but three really enjoyed it (MT, JH, CB), and JH found it to be complete escapism which was good for him. Everyone liked the fact that it was a short book, and easy to read, and therefore a big change from the last, very long book. All the scores were above average and positive or very positive, except for the person who was not present, who did not like the book at all.  

 

Everyone enjoyed the start of the book, the doctor’s diagnosis, and the wife’s unfaithfulness. For RV it went downhill from there and degenerated terribly. MW found it mostly enjoyable, but in the end he felt it failed to deliver and had a disappointing ending and SC agreed. Other people found it zipped along (MT, AA, CW).  Many people enjoyed the humour in the book, although RV found the attempts at written slapstick humour very weak indeed. Others positively liked the humour aspects (WM and MT) and  WM particularly liked the bit about Jaakko holding his belly in in the presence of women and gradually releasing it incrementally. This resonated with everyone present and their own experiences, and generated a lot of comments.

 

Some members mentioned the technology in the novel. RV liked the printer bit and it belching out paper, and MT liked the statement about gossip in the small town spreading faster than data through fibre-optic cables.

 

Some members found the book stiff and clunky (SC) and many thought some sections really stretched the imagination and were far too implausible. (SC, RV, CW, MW), although MT said it reminded him of some of his favourite Murakami books, which really stretches credibility, but they work for him.

 

There were a few comments about the one dimensional characters (AA , CB and CW) and how it was easy to feel detached from the story. However, some positively enjoyed certain characters, especially Jaakko (MT and JH) and the policeman (JH). CB felt sorry for Jaakko as he was very isolated in life, had few friends and no siblings, and no wonder his marriage was failing. Others felt that Sanni was very well described and even very fanciable (CB and MT).

 

Many members agreed that the book described the landscape well and took readers into a different, unknown world (JH, MT, CW, SC). Some members liked the educational aspect of the book and it gave them information about mushrooms they did not know before (SC and WM). 

 

There was a lot of discussion about the philosophical aspects of the book and people liked Jaakko’s thoughts about one’s last days and what would one do with them. Everyone seemed to get something from that. Some particularly liked the bit about the value of life and having to almost die to experience beautiful sunsets (MT and CW).

 

Some members thought the tension parts, especially with the wife, and the heavies were good and realistic, but others thought the death of the heavies was considered implausible and far-fetched (RV, CW).  

 

JH loved the journey through the town square, and loved the staff meeting, and many others did as well. The meal with the Japanese and the subsequent food poisoning was liked by many and MT said it reminded him of the cook, the thief his wife and his lover, and indeed he felt that the film seemed to capture the sentiment of this book.

 

In conclusion, it was a lively, lengthy and interesting discussion. Everyone present declared they had a good evening, and the mushrooms were enjoyed by all.

 

Scores: RV 3, WM 6.5, SC 5.5, JH 7, CB 6, CW 6, MW 6.5, MT 7.

Sunday, 27 February 2022

Crossroads – Jonathan Franzen

Normally book reviews from the club have a “marmite” flavour reflecting the often contrasting views of individual members. Unusually though Crossroads was liked by every member and in some cases complimented very highly.

 

If there was one criticism raised it it was that (with 900 pages) it was too long but everybody was drawn into the book (as if watching a soap opera) and  stuck with it and in several cases are interested in reading the next two instalments.

 

Crossroads describes a dysfunctional family in 1970s midwestern USA who come together at Thanksgiving “at a pivotal moment of moral crisis”.

 

In an effort to keep our reviews as succinct as possible the group summarised their thoughts as follows:

 

Writing and dialogue

·      Was almost universally good.

·      Long and interestingly structured but easy to read because it had a strong narrative flow. The book was enjoyed because it read like an addictive soap opera.

·      Great descriptions of the decline and fall of the overly bright but pompous pothead son Perry and the mayhem such a life can cause.

·      It was rather compulsive reading-with a fluent, readable style with sufficiently strong storyline that you wanted to keep reading.

 

Characters

·      Intricate interesting characters with incredibly detailed portraits of their lives

·      Brilliant at getting himself into the minds of teenagers.

·      Captured the different stages of adolescence 15-17-19 very well and differentiated between them well.

·      Real and well developed characters.

·      The characters were so real there was so much detail and perceptive description of their thoughts and actions.

·      Great characters flawed yet likable a real sense of what is going on in their minds and bodies their perceptions and relationships the ups and downs of love affairs and of religious feelings. Build a very full,deep and interesting sense of the whole family and the people they interact with.

 

Relationships

Franzen is brilliant at relationships with each character’s webs all interlinking in a giant 3D silk sculpture… he describes all the parts of people that those close never get to know or at least fully understand and focuses on the minutiae of the small things of every day life which are fascinating despite all their intricacy, complexity and density.

 

Religion

·      The theme of religion runs through the whole book and the ideas and debates over the nature of religion Christianity and belief were enjoyed particularly by RV.

·      Most of all the book left Chris W with  questions about religion and particularly Christianity and its impact on its disciples and the complication it adds to people’s lives.

·      Many similarities with the strict closeted religious lifestyle described in education by Tara Westover.

 

Dilemmas

·      Full of real life dilemmas  anti-war yet personal morality not to dodge the draft, religious belief versus personal behaviour, love for children and an inability to give them what they want, sexual drive versus personal morality.

 

Family

·      Builds a very full, deep and interesting sense of the whole family and the people they interact with.

·      The underlying theme in the book is that nothing is more important than family.

 

Context

·      Many remarked how they were able to connect with many of the themes in the book which brought back vivid memories of their own experiences in the 1970s. 

·      MTs upbringing with his strict religious father-so much of my youth in this-my father’s church, youth club and its camps -lots of religion there and naughty things with girls such as snogging and kissing… listening to sermons at church, getting ready to follow a girl sitting in a far away pew afterwards-made it all worthwhile!

·      For SC it gave very vivid personal portraits, he enjoyed the descriptions of life in USA around the time when he was in his late teens.

·      MW memories of his church youth club in Bristol motivated obviously by all the attractive Christian girls that also attended!

·      For JH the author captured a time that had a huge impact on him when he visited and lived in the US-Franzen captured well both the big things such as the joys and tribulations of young love, pervasive presence of dope, the overriding influence of the Vietnam war as well as the little things in life such as the noise of a Maytag washing machine and of his Plymouth Fury car.

·      For CB it gave a good feel for the context of the early 1970s, the last stages of the Vietnamese war, smalltown America, poor conditions of native Americans, separated racial communities, the new vogue for openness (however manufactured).

 

Underlying Theme 

·      What is it to be good? Can goodness ever truly be its own reward or consciously or not does it always serve some personal instrumentality?

·      Very enjoyable musing on the nature of being good.

·      Can you be good by nailing your colours to a religious mast, or does it come more from inside? Arguably what Rick introduces to Crossroads has a more profound effect on most of the kids than any religious teaching-in other words, be good and interested in each other.

 

Drugs

·      Descriptions of drugs and Perry’s descent into serious drug misuse very well described and even the description of Becky when she is horribly stoned is well described.

·      The effects of drugs and paranoia is well described.

 

Negatives

·      Over- long and rather petered out at the end possibly in preparation for the next two volumes of the trilogy.

 

Scores

AA7.5

SC 7.5

CB 8.2

MW 7.0

CW 7.75

MT  8.5

JH 7.5

RV 8.5